The vast world that exists beneath the surface of the ocean remains
largely unknown to humankind, say experts working on an international
database of marine species.
Of an estimated one million species that make their home in the depths
of the sea, as many as two-thirds of them are still a mystery, says a
study published this week.
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Photo: The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.
This photo shows Lopha cristagalli, an oyster, covered by Monanchora
sponge (a red sponge typical for oysters), in Papua New Guinea. THE
CANADIAN RESS/ho-WoRMS Photo Gallery-Gustav Paulay, 2010
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Canada has more coastline than any other nation on Earth, a staggering
200,000 kilometres plus, and the nation's territorial waters cover more
than seven million square kilometres over three different oceans.
The country is a world leader in marine research but even here, the sea
still holds many surprises, says Gerhard Pohle, acting executive
director of the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in St. Andrews, N.B.
"There are an amazing amount of things, especially in the ocean, that
we don't know in terms of biodiversity," says Pohle, who spent a decade
taking part in an international Census of Marine Life, a decade-long
project than concluded in 2010.
It was only last year that scientists published research that estimated
there are approximately 10 million distinct species on Earth, Pohle
said.
"It's staggering to think that as recently as 2011, we did not know how
many species there are in the world by order of magnitude. The
estimates were anywhere from three to 100 million species globally. That
was it," Pohle says.
"I'm somebody who works on this and when I saw it, I couldn't believe it."
The article published in the academic journal Current Biology this week estimates there are one million marine species.
A World Register of Marine Species has catalogued 226,000 of them so
far. As many as 72,000 more specimens have been collected and are
waiting to be described.
"Knowing what lives in the ocean is fundamental to appreciate, care and
protect it," said Ward Appeltans, one of the authors and the project
manager of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System of UNESCO's
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.
"Having a single catalogue of all known marine species is like an index
in a library. We can all start using the same species names, avoid
confusion over names and make less mistakes."