What is Networking?

By PANU KASAR

When I was in computer school we used a network where all our individual computers were connected to a master computer called a server.

Students were each given a username and password which gives privilege to use network resources.

The server controls the network allowing users to use network printers, email facilities and access shared documents such as music or soft wares.

Basically this is the function of simple network.

It all started when someone realised that since organizations now depend more on computers connecting them would be much more convenient.

Actually communication and sharing of resources is the main objective that networking addresses.

Today every second at peak business hours millions of email race around the globe at speeds no other form of communication can achieve.

Networking is the connecting of computers by means of physical cabling or wireless means for communication and sharing of resources.

The internet is just an example of a very large worldwide network of computers. Networking uses a computer language called TCP/IP.

This language creates a common platform where machine great and small of all sorts of design communicate with each other.  

The TCP/IP protocol also connects devices such as printers, scanners and cameras to the network.

Just like telephones with unique numbers, computers on a network are located by unique tags called IP addresses.

Every computer on the network has an IP address.

 In fact the website addresses of internet sites are IP addresses in user friendly readable form.

When you type it into the browser the machine converts it into an IP address.

This technology has made the internet one of modern man’s greatest achievements.

Networking has made the entire world a single entity which we now call the internet (see next week’s article).

 The connecting of computers has increased productivity at all levels of organisational businesses.

When individual computers connect to a central data base administration becomes effective.

 Databases with important updated information now can be accessed by people who need information and updated by data operators.

Networking also makes system administrators save time through remote assistance.

All functions are now done at the server instead on the individual PC’s.

Networking can be done in many different types of design.

A network managed by a small organisational setup consisting of several buildings or in a single building is called a LAN (Large Area Network).

A LAN is what most busineses prefer these days.

A LAN can also be divided into small sections called Workgroups.

 These could represent Departments in an organisation.

When different LAN’s are combined together you have a WAN (Wide Area Network). WAN’s are usually used by large institutions who manage large databases.

A WAN could be made up of LAN’s in different provinces or even in different countries. SP Brewery’s WAN stretches right to its Asian headquarters.  

A banking system is an example of a well designed Wide Area Network.

See BSP branches systems as LAN’s and the entire System as a WAN.

The WAN stores data in an ordered archive and retrieves it for organisational use.

The BSP network uses PC’s at its branches and custom built computers at retail outlets. ATM’s and EFTPOS machines are in fact custom built computers on the large BSP WAN.

That is why you can access your savings and make transaction anywhere as long as the machine is connected to the WAN.

The telephone system is also a large network which transmits analogue and digital data using a conversion instrument called a modem.

Now it starts to make sense.

Most of us have been using these networks without knowing.

See how this concept has revolutionised the world.    

Networks that store large data need qualified IT personnel to manage and design to suit the organisation that uses it.

Software has to be updated now and then.

This keeps anti viruses secure and better equip to detect virus treats.

 If data is going to be accessed and updated regularly and often then the topology must be accurate.

 Topology is the design of data transmission, be it cable or wireless.

Fibre Optic cables are used for real time fast transmission networks where live conferencing is facilitated.

The system administrator must be well aware of software compatability issues and the availability of newer software versions.

There is also a design called VPN short for Virtual Private Network.

This allows people to connect to their local LAN from a remote location using the internet.

 The public network such as the internet becomes a dedicated route which establishes links to the local LAN.

The data sent is encrypted and sent to avoid security breaches along the public route.

 This works just like using the network at the geographical LAN location.

VPN’s are configured during network designing again it depends on the preference and need of the organisation using the network.

If the business employs sales people who are always on the road then VPN is a good option.  

Wireless networking is also becoming popular in most businesses in Port Moresby.

This design is no different to cabled network.

Daltron’s Air spot is an example of wireless internet which is now becoming popular. TelikomPNG’s VSAT technology has now become the main infrastructure used in wireless technology.

UPNG Physics Department is one of the many organisations in the city who have implemented wireless networking in their existing infrastructure.

The set-up is simple:  configure a server and add wireless adapters to the network.

In most cases it is just an extension of a cabled network.

 Users using PC’s or laptops have to be in the network coverage to access the network.

Networking is the way forward in modern organisational productivity.

 It is economical if properly designed and administered by constant updating of infrastructure as well the qualification of the people managing it.

Get yours done if your organisation’s computer infrastructure is in stand alone mode. You won’t regret it, it will take you miles. 

Have a wonderful week.

 Feedback email: pkasar@mail.com   

Panu Kasar

Operations Manager

Itel PNG Microtech Ltd

P O Box 265 UNIVERSITY PO

PH: (675) 325 8912

…The PC Clinic...

 

 

Amelia Earhart's plane is still there

Australian searcher denies claims that wreckage is that of Earhart

Amelia Earhart plane searcher David Billings has denied claims in Wednesday’s front page story in The National that the aircraft wreckage found in the jungles of East New Britain last week was of those of the plane of the great American woman aviatrix.

And the former Air Niugini aircraft engineer, aged 68, urged Papua New Guineans to “calm down”, as the wreckage was not that of Earhart’s plane, and that her plane was still in the jungles of East New Britain waiting to be discovered.

American Justin Tylan, of Pacific Wrecks, however, says that there is no “historical basis” for Earhart’s loss in PNG.

Wednesday’s story said that what made last week’s discovery significant was the fact that Billings, who has been involved in a project since 1994 to locate Earhart’s Lockheed Electra 10E, had pinpointed the location where the wreckage was as the place where he believed her plane went down in July 1937.

After a dozen trips to the jungles of East New Britain over several years since 1994 – the latest being last August - it appears he has yet to locate what he believes to be Amelia Earhart's downed Lockheed Electra L-10 aircraft.

When told of the discovery, and that the wreckage had the serial number 06751, Mr Billings replied: “It will be another WWII aircraft.

“It seems everyone in PNG is now an Electra expert.

“If the number you gave is the Bureau Number of the aircraft 06751, then the full Bureau No. is 40-6751 indicating that the aircraft came into US Service in 1940.

“As you know, Earhart was lost in 1937.

“It could, however, be anybody’s aircraft, Japanese included, (as) they also used Roman numerals in places.”

Mr Tylan, however, countered: “There is no historical basis for Amelia's loss in PNG.

“The only fact in the article that is accurate is that Amelia took off from Lae Airfield, and would have flown over part of present day PNG, before leaving present day PNG territory.

“Amelia Earhart died doing what she loved... and most likely her plane crashed near her destination, and she died at sea, drowned or was wounded in the crash.

“This is a less glamourous fate than 'conspiracy theories' present... but probably true, nor has any definitive evidence ever proven otherwise.”

Mr Billings stressed that Lockheed made 147 Electras, of which only four every visited Papua New Guinea.

“Two 10A's were in Lae pre-war belonging to Guinea Airways: one was there at Lae when Earhart visted in 1937,” he said.

“The second Guinea Airways aircraft had not been delivered in 1937 when Earhart passed through.

“In 1942, one of the Guinea Airways Electra 10A's returned to PNG to ferry troops and supplies to the battle front at Buna.

“Both these aircraft are accounted for.

“One was written off at Darwin in 1939 and the second ended its days in New Zealand.

“In 1937, Earhart passed through Lae in her 10E.

“In 1997 Finch's 10A/E flew through Moresby and Lae.

“That's four Electras total into Papua New Guinea.

“Only one of the above aircraft is seriously considered to have returned and crashed in East New Britain from the evidence we have, i.e., that my project has.

“That aircraft is Earhart's.”

Mr Billings added: “In the last year or so, five reports emanating in various districts of PNG have proclaimed that the Electra has been found and I keep repeating to you that the area is in East New Britain not that many miles from Rabaul: not in Morobe (two reports) not in the Mt Ulawun area (one report), another one report has been, I recall, in Enga but I may have misread that and now, one in the Kalip area....all could be Electras....all found in PNG !

“The Kalip area is the closest to our search area but our Australian Army Veterans were never in the Kalip area or the Milim area.

“I did hear of a large American aircraft in the Milim area back in 1994 and I guess this one just found may be that one.

“You have to look and consider ‘where’ that area is in relation to the Flight Path from Moresby to Rabaul for the B17 Flying Fortresses, the B-24 Liberators and also all the other aircraft operating from Moresby, Kiriwina, etc.

“This includes B-25 Mitchells and B-26 Marauders operating from Ward's Strip and other satellite dromes plus all the Australian and New Zealand aircraft: Beauforts, Beaufighters, Catalinas, Hudsons etc etc, etc that also attacked Rabaul.

“On top of that you have the fighters, especially the Lockheed Lightning.

“After reading up on the actions in WWII, I am convinced that Wide Bay was a prominent landmark such that the aircraft bomber fleets re-formated in the Wide Bay area on the outbound flights after bombing Rabaul and for the return to Moresby.

“ Just imagine that crippled aircraft leaving Rabaul faced all that open water to get back to Moresby, and in their bad shape, it would be inevitable that lots went down in that area of East New Britain.

“Many, many, did not make it back.

“Many are in the Bainings, many elsewhere.

“To whit, I did hear of a large U.S. aircraft down Milim way on the East Coast south of Wide Bay.

“There is also a Japanese aircraft in the same area.

“Want to take a bet? Calm down people…”

Mr Tylan said that there were a lot of tall tales going on in PNG about plane wrecks.

He said: “Other myths in PNG are that Japanese brought gold bars to PNG... although everyone would like to find buried treasure, there is no historical evidence of any ship or cargo of gold bars brought into present day PNG during World War II... yet, many people - outsiders and PNG people believe this to be true, and have spent money chasing false stories... versus exploring PNG's real history.

“There is real gold in PNG... in the ground…but it was not brought there by the Japanese during World War II.

“Many planes went missing in PNG that belonged to the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Japanese between 1941-1945.

“For the past 15 years, I have been studying these losses... and likely it will be a life long challenge.

“Each has a story and most claimed their crew's lives.

“These are the real ghosts of war in PNG.

“Therefore, any wreckage found in that area is most likely World War II... a number of other known wrecks are in that same area... including a B-17 Flying Fortress -http://www.pacificwrecks.com/aircraft/b-17/41-2429.html.

“This is a known wreck, and parts of it are displayed at the Kokopo Museum.

“I would be happy to review any photos of aircraft wreckage in PNG... aircraft experts like my colleagues can tell what any part is... even from photographs.

“Details on part numbers, etc, can even reveal the type of plane it was from, or in some cases, even identify them precisely.

“The aviation history of PNG is very fascinating... but I am afraid it does not include Earhart or Gold bars.

“In the article you sent... it mentions the wreck being shot down in 1913 or 1914.... no aircraft flew in present day PNG until 1918... that honor goes to a German airplane from a raiding ship!

“Anyone saying they know where gold bars are... ask them 'what is your proof?' - If they can produce wartime documents or gold bars, then the world will gladly bow to them!

“For the best article debunking the Amelia Earhart claim in PNG... I suggest reading ‘Leave Amelia Alone’ by Michael Claringbould, Flightpath Magazine.”

And so, and so, and so, the Amelia Earhart saga remains one of the greatest unsolved aviation mysteries of all time.

Fuel prices drop for sixth successive month

The New Year has begun with good news for the nation’s fuel consumers.

Retail prices have continued to fall in the wake of the international economic crisis and are now at their lowest levels in twelve months.

The falls apply across the board to all major fuels, gasoline, diesel, kerosene and aviation fuel.

InterOil President Bill Jasper said it is the sixth successive month that fuel prices have dropped in Papua New Guinea.

“The cost of crude oil has been in freefall since last July, dragging down the retail price of refined product with it”.

“The January fuel prices are evidence of the profound effect that international forces have on our domestic market”.

Mr. Jasper said the current situation follows reduced demand for refined fuels in the United States and Europe.

He said it also reflects fears that the burgeoning economies of China and India are beginning to slow down.

“It is in marked contrast to the first half of 2008 when refined fuel skyrocketed, not only here (in PNG) but also overseas”.

Mr. Jasper warned the current low price of fuel was no guarantee of future trends.

“Crude prices seem to have bottomed out and may rise in the months ahead”.

“Hopefully future increases will be moderate and in line with rises in productivity and incomes”.

Mr. Jasper said tumbling fuel prices had given some relief from the current economic situation.

He said it was “the one bright light in an otherwise gloomy outlook”.

“Lower fuel costs will help both government and industry cope in a tough economic environment”.

“Domestic consumers will also find it easier to manage the family budget”.

 

 

For further information and to arrange media interviews contact

 

Susuve Laumaea

Senior Manager Media Relations InterOil Corporation

Ph: 321 7040

Mobile: 684 5168

Email: susuve.laumaea@interoil.com  

 

 

No historical basis for Amelia Earhart's loss in Papua New Guinea

By JUSTIN TYLAN

 

There is no historical basis for Amelia's loss in PNG.  The only fact in the article that is accurate, is that Amelia took off from Lae Airfield, and would have flown over part of present day PNG, before leaving present day PNG territory.

Amelia Earhart died doing what she loved... and most likely her plane crashed near her destination, and she died at sea, drowned or was wounded in the crash.   This is a less glamourous fate than 'conspiracy theories' present... but probably true, nor has any definative evidence ever proven otherwise.

Other myths in PNG are that Japanese brought gold bars to PNG... although everyone would like to find buried treasure, there is no historical evidence of any ship or cargo of gold bars brought into present day PNG during World War II... yet, many people - outsiders and PNG people believe this to be true, and have spent money chasing false stories... versus exploring PNG's real history.  There is REAL gold in PNG... in the ground.. but it was not brought there by the Japanese during World War II.

Many planes went missing in PNG that belonged to the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Japanese between 1941-1945.  For the past 15 years, I have been studying these losses... and likely it will be a life long challenge.  Each has a story and most claimed their crew's lives.  These are the real ghosts of war in PNG.

Therefore, any wreckage found in that area is most likely World War II... a number of other known wrecks are in that same area... including a B-17 Flying Fortress -

http://www.pacificwrecks.com/aircraft/b-17/41-2429.html

This is a known wreck, and parts of it are displayed at the Kokopo Museum.

The number mentioned '06751' is not known to be associated with any known loss... probably, it is a part number only... but could be associated with that known wreck

I would be happy to review any photos of aircraft wreckage in PNG... aircraft experts like my colleagues can tell what any part is... even from photographs.  Details on part numbers, etc can even reveal the type of plane it was from, or in some cases, even identify them precisely.

The aviation history of PNG is very fascinating... but i am afraid it does not include Earhart or Gold bars.

In the article you sent... it mentions the wreck being shot down in 1913 or 1914....   no aircraft flew in present day PNG until 1918... that honor goes to a German airplane from a raiding ship!  

Anyone saying they know where gold bars are... ask them 'what is your proof?' - If they can produce wartime documents or gold bars, then the world will gladly bow to them!

For the best article debunking the Amelia Earhart claim in PNG... I suggest reading "Leave Amelia Alone" by Michael Claringbould, Flightpath Magazine (I do not have a copy handy, but can ask the author for a copy for you).

Best,

Justin Taylan

- - - -

Pacific Wrecks

Email: info@pacificwrecks.org

Tel: 1-310-237-5389

P.O. Box 859, Hyde Park, NY 12538 USA

 

 

 

Amelia Earhart's plane is still there

Australian searcher denies claims that wreckage is that of Earhart

Amelia Earhart plane searcher David Billings yesterday denied claims in yesterday’s front page story of The National that the aircraft wreckage found in the jungles of East New Britain last week was that of the plane of the great American woman aviatrix.

And the former Air Niugini aircraft engineer urged Papua New Guineans to “calm down”, as the wreckage was not that of Earhart’s plane, and that her plane was still in the jungles of East New Britain waiting to be discovered.

Yesterday’s story said that what made last week’s discovery significant was the fact that Billings, who has been involved in a project since 1994 to locate Earhart’s Lockheed Electra 10E, had pinpointed the location where the wreckage was as the place where he believed her plane went down in July 1937.

After a dozen trips to the jungles of East New Britain over several years since 1994 – the latest being last August - it appears he has yet to locate what he believes to be Amelia Earhart's downed Lockheed Electra L-10 aircraft.

When told of the discovery, and that the wreckage had the serial number 06751, Mr Billings replied: “It will be another WWII aircraft.

“It seems everyone in PNG is now an Electra expert.

“If the number you gave is the Bureau Number of the aircraft 06751, then the full Bureau No. is 40-6751 indicating that the aircraft came into U.S. Service in 1940.

“As you know, Earhart was lost in 1937.

“It could, however, be anybody’s aircraft, Japanese included, (as) they also used Roman numerals in places.”

Mr Billings stressed that Lockheed made 147 Electras, of which only four every visited Papua New Guinea.

“Two 10A's were in Lae pre-war belonging to Guinea Airways: one was there at Lae when Earhart visted in 1937,” he said.

“The second Guinea Airways aircraft had not been delivered in 1937 when Earhart passed through.

“In 1942, one of the Guinea Airways Electra 10A's returned to PNG to ferry troops and supplies to the battle front at Buna.

“Both these aircraft are accounted for.

“One was written off at Darwin in 1939 and the second ended its days in New Zealand.

“In 1937, Earhart passed through Lae in her 10E.

“In 1997 Finch's 10A/E flew through Moresby and Lae.

“That's four Electras total into Papua New Guinea.

“Only one of the above aircraft is seriously considered to have returned and crashed in East New Britain from the evidence we have, i.e., that my project has.

“That aircraft is Earhart's.”

Mr Billings added: “In the last year or so, five reports emanating in various districts of PNG have proclaimed that the Electra has been found and I keep repeating to you that the area is in East New Britain not that many miles from Rabaul: not in Morobe (two reports) not in the Mt Ulawun area (one report), another one report has been, I recall, in Enga but I may have misread that and now, one in the Kalip area....all could be Electras....all found in PNG !

“The Kalip area is the closest to our search area but our Australian Army Veterans were never in the Kalip area or the Milim area.

“I did hear of a large American aircraft in the Milim area back in 1994 and I guess this one just found may be that one.

“You have to look and consider ‘where’ that area is in relation to the Flight Path from Moresby to Rabaul for the B17 Flying Fortresses, the B-24 Liberators and also all the other aircraft operating from Moresby, Kiriwina, etc.

“This includes B-25 Mitchells and B-26 Marauders operating from Ward's Strip and other satellite dromes plus all the Australian and New Zealand aircraft: Beauforts, Beaufighters, Catalinas, Hudsons etc etc, etc that also attacked Rabaul.

“On top of that you have the fighters, especially the Lockheed Lightning.

“After reading up on the actions in WWII, I am convinced that Wide Bay was a prominent landmark such that the aircraft bomber fleets re-formated in the Wide Bay area on the outbound flights after bombing Rabaul and for the return to Moresby.

“ Just imagine that crippled aircraft leaving Rabaul faced all that open water to get back to Moresby, and in their bad shape, it would be inevitable that lots went down in that area of East New Britain.

“Many, many, did not make it back.

“Many are in the Bainings, many elsewhere.

“To whit, I did hear of a large U.S. aircraft down Milim way on the East Coast south of Wide Bay.

“There is also a Japanese aircraft in the same area.

“Want to take a bet? Calm down people…”

In April 1945, the 20-member patrol of the 11th Australian Infantry Battalion ‘D-Company’ is evading the Japanese while in the dense jungles of East New Britain.

Suddenly they come upon a wrecked aircraft — a two engine, twin tailed plane much like Earhart’s.

An old repair tag is pulled off one of the engines and the men moved on — fearful of falling into the hands of the Japanese.

The information on the tag is scribbled down on the edge of their map and then forgotten.

Forty-five years later at a veterans reunion, Don Angwin of that same Australian Patrol, talks about the aircraft that he and his patrol members found in the jungle.

He starts a search for the plane in 1993, and is joined the following year by David Billings of Air Nugini in Port Moresby.

Angwin died in 2001 but Billings continues the search, now living in Queensland, Australia.

Billings, now 68, has been to that valley nearly a dozen times.

Sick woman urgently needs help for medical treatment

THE family of a woman who has been diagnosed with a brain tumor is desperately appealing to the general public and business houses for financial assistance to cover her travel and medical expenses in Australia.
Forty-eight year old Rose Tapo (pictured)  of Pitylu Island in Manus province was diagnosed with brain tumor and needs urgent radiation therapy in Australia.
The family needs to raise K15, 000 to send her down to undergo radiation therapy for the total removal of the tumor.
A family member said that Rose was scheduled to travel down to Australia last   October and November but could not because of shortage of funds.
They have already started fundraising activities; however, funds are coming in very slowly.
The family is now appealing to the public to assist in whatever way they can whether it be money or donation of goods or items that can be sold to raise money.
Rose underwent surgery last July at the Port Moresby General Hospital but needs urgent medical treatment.
The mother of six has since lost her sight and can only recognise people by touching and listening to their voices.
If you would like assist in cash and kind, you can contact Ms Michaelyn Semio on phone (675) 6562180 or (675)3243239 and Mrs Linda Bitu on phone (675) 6888160 or (675) 3233555 or you can deposit funds into ANZ Boroko bank account# 13192914 named Ms Rose Tapo Medical Fund.Alternatively, you can contact me on email malumnalu@gmail.com .

Earhart's plane found at last?

THE discovery of the wreckage of an aircraft in the Ip River in East Pomio, East New Britain province last week, has generated renewed speculation that it could be the aircraft belonging to famed American aviatrix, Amelia Earhart, The National newspaper reports.

What makes this particular discovery significant is the fact that an Australian aircraft engineer, who has been involved since 1994 in a project to locate Ms Earhart’s Lockheed Electra 10E, had pinpointed the location where the wreckage was found as the place where he believed Ms Earhart’s plane went down.

An entry on the free internet encyclopaedia Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Earhart#Departure_from_Lae) says the engineer, former Air Niugini employee David Billings, asserts that a map marked with notations consistent with Ms Earhart’s engine model number and her airframe’s construction number, was seen briefly by Australian soldiers during World War II.

Mr Billings’ theory originates from the WWII Australian patrol stationed on East New Britain and indicates a crash site 64km (40 miles) southwest of Rabaul, which is only a few kilometres away from where the wreckage was found last week.

Mr Billings speculated that Ms Earhart turned back from her intended destination of Howland Island in the Pacific Ocean after unsuccessfully trying to rendezvous with an American warship, and tried to reach Rabaul for fuel.

Mr Billings and his team had made 10 attempts to locate the wreckage. His theory is contained in an exhaustive article on an American aviation website (http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/earhart/article.asp?id=850) detailing the reasons for his conclusion that the wreckage spotted by the Diggers on April 17, 1945, belonged to Ms Earhart.

Ms Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, took off from Lae on July 2, 1937, in the heavily loaded Electra for Howland Island 4,113km (2,556 miles) away. To date, their disappearance had remained an enduring mystery.

A brief report in Monday’s The National prompted one reader from Australia to write in to suggest that the wreckage could belong to Ms Earhart’s Electra.

Further research on the internet revealed Mr Billings’ theory pinpointing the area 64km southwest of Rabaul where the Diggers spotted the wreckage in 1945.

A community leader from the Kalip ward in East Pomio, Isidor Vote, said last week that the aircraft was discovered by a group of youths in the Ip River in the bushes of East Pomio.

Local villagers believed the aircraft might have been shot down during World War I between 1913 and 1914, and even suggested it was being flown by a female American pilot. It is not known what their theory is based on.

Mr Vote said the wreckage had the serial number 06751 on one of its body parts that had remained intact all these years, and parts of one of its wings had dents on it.

Mr Vote wanted Government authorities to visit the site and inspect the aircraft in order to get more information.

He said it would serve as a record for the War Museum in Kokopo.

If the find proves to indeed be Ms Earhart’s Electra, it will have far more significance and could prompt an international media frenzy in the Pomio area.